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Philosophia naturalisArchiv für Naturphilosophie und die philosophischen Grenzgebiete der exakten Wissenschaften und Wissenschaftsgeschichte Herausgegeben von Bernulf Kanitscheider, Bernd-Olaf Küppers, C. Ulises Moulines und Erhard Scheibe
Band 39 (2002). 376 Seiten. € 94.-
Aus dem Inhalt von Heft 1Reiner Hedrich: Zelluläre Automaten – Diskrete Modelle der Welt? Almost all theories and models of the mathematically formulated empirical
sciences are working with differential equations. But we can not observe these
differential equations directly in nature. What we can observe is, at best, the
solutions of systems of differential equations under different boundary
conditions and under a specific choice of parameters. The nomological
abstraction from the diverse phenomena, which we interprete as manifestations of
the solutions of systems of differential equations, to the differential
equations themselves characterizes our specific method of a mathematical
description of nature. To identify a differential equation, found in this way,
with a ‚law of nature‘ presupposes at least a distinction between laws of
nature and boundary conditions, a distinction which possibly includes certain
elements of arbitrariness. Alfred Gierer: Holistic Biology – Back on Stage? Comments on post-genomics in historical perspective A strong motivation for the human genome project was to relate biological features to the structure and function of small sets of genes, and ideally to individual genes. However, it is now increasingly realized that many problems require a "systems" approach emphasizing the interplay of large numbers of genes, and the involvement of complex networks of gene regulation. New projects of "transcriptomics" and "proteomics" are being conceived along these lines: This implies a new emphasis on integrative, systems theoretical approaches. It may be called ‘holistic’ , if the term is used without irrational overtones, in the general sense of directing attention to integrated features of organs and organisms. In the history of biology, seemingly conflicting reductionist and holistic notions have alternated, with bottom-up as well as top-down approaches eventually contributing to the solutions to basic problems. By now, there is no doubt that biological features and phenomena are rooted in physico-chemical processes of the molecules involved; and yet, integrated systems aspects are becoming more and more relevant in developmental biology, brain and behavioural science, and sociobiology. Correspondingly, theoretical biology is expected to be increasingly involved in progress in these fields. Ricardo Lopes Coelho: Zur Physik von Descartes: Naturgesetze und Stoßregeln Heinz Penzlin: Warum das Autopoiese-Konzept Maturanas die Organisation lebendiger Systeme unzutreffend beschreibtMax Kistler: Erklärung und Kausalität Bernd Lukoschik: Realismus oder Instrumentalismus im Weltbild des frühen Einstein Friedrich Steinle: "Das Nächste ans Nächste reihen": Goethe, Newton und das Experiment Kirsten Meyer: Der Schutz der Natur und das gute Leben Die Frage, was ein glückliches, gelingendes oder gutes Leben
ausmacht, erlebt in der zeitgenössischen Philosophie eine Renaissance. In der
aktuellen Diskussion um das gute Leben spielt der Ansatz von Martha Nussbaum
eine wichtige Rolle. Nussbaum versucht, anhand einer Liste menschlicher
Fähigkeiten eine Minimalkonzeption eines guten Lebens zu entwerfen. Auch der
ästhetische Bezug zur Natur erscheint auf ihrer Liste. |